Ellen White and Adventist Healthcare—Ahead of Their Time

Medical care in the mid-1800s was primitive, to say the least. Basic concepts we take for granted—such as proper handwashing or recognizing the dangers of bloodletting—were nonexistent. And doctors often had little more than nine months of training!

But Seventh-day Adventists would help raise the standard in healthcare.

God inspired Ellen G. White (1827–1915), one of Adventism’s founders, with a health message that was far ahead of its time—personal hygiene, a healthy diet, the lifestyle-disease connection, and more. She urged the Church to begin its own health clinics, called sanitariums, to put these teachings into practice.

Adventist health institutions today carry the legacy that Ellen White left behind. Let’s get a glimpse of that through the answers to these questions:

• Why does the Adventist Church have health care institutions?
• What health care institutions did Ellen White help start?
• What legacy did Ellen White leave behind for Adventist health care today?

Why does the Adventist Church have health care institutions?

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

The Seventh-day Adventist Church owes the start of its health centers to Ellen White. During her ministry, the Holy Spirit impressed her with messages about healthful living and the need for Christians to be involved in medical ministry. After her husband, James White, had a stroke and spent time in a health center in New York, she realized the Adventist Church needed its own health centers, too. These places would have a revolutionary approach for their time: combining lifestyle adjustments with biblical principles while offering high-quality care.

That was in 1865. By the following year, the Church began the Western Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, Michigan. Looking back, Ellen White wrote:

“The Lord years ago gave me special light in regard to the establishment of a health institution where the sick could be treated on altogether different lines from those followed in any other institution in the world. It was to be founded and conducted upon Bible principles…and it was to be in His hands one of the most effective agencies for giving light to the world. It was God’s purpose that it should stand forth with scientific ability, with moral and spiritual power, and as a faithful sentinel of reform in all its bearings.”¹

These clinics had a greater purpose than humanitarianism. They were to show that God wants human beings to experience good physical health just as much as spiritual health. And they were to share the hope and healing found in Christ.

What health care institutions did Ellen White help start?

Ellen White helped start at least five health centers for the Adventist Church during her lifetime. These include:

• Battle Creek Sanitarium
• St. Helena Sanitarium
• Avondale Health Retreat
• Paradise Valley Sanitarium
• Loma Linda Sanitarium

She gave specific counsel on what these sanitariums should be like:

• They should be small and home-like.
• They should use natural remedies—such as hydrotherapy, diet, and exercise.
• They should educate their patients on the laws of health, a vegetarian diet, and cooking.
• Spiritual talks and free books should be available for the patients to learn about God and the Bible.
• They should offer training for people to become medical missionaries.

This counsel spurred the development of many health centers. But we’ll look at the five Ellen White was directly involved with.

Battle Creek Sanitarium²

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

God impressed Ellen White that “our people should have an institution of their own, under their own control, for the benefit of the diseased and suffering among us.”³ As a result, the Western Health Reform Institute was born in 1866—the first of many more to follow.

It started with one patient. But after a month, it had reached its capacity of 12.

John Harvey Kellogg, a young man who Ellen and James White sponsored through medical school, became the superintendent of the sanitarium in 1876. Under his leadership, its name became the Battle Creek Medical and Surgical Sanitarium (Battle Creek Sanitarium, or the “San” for short).

As the first Adventist health center, it was the galvanizing force for many more to come.

St. Helena Sanitarium⁴

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

In the 1870s, Ellen White urged Adventists to start a sanitarium on the west coast. Her counsel inspired W. A. Pratt to help buy a 10.5-acre property in St. Helena, California, for a sanitarium.

The St. Helena Sanitarium opened in 1878 with Merritt G. Kellogg, half-brother of John Harvey Kellogg, as its first superintendent.

Ellen White lived near this sanitarium in her home at Elmshaven. Its staff cared for her right before she died in 1915.

Today, the institution remains as the St. Helena Hospital—the oldest Adventist hospital in the world.

Avondale Health Retreat⁵

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

The Avondale Health Retreat began in 1899 at Ellen White’s prompting. Why the urgency? There was no Adventist health center in that part of Australia (New South Wales), and the nearest hospital was miles away.⁶ She wanted Adventists to help the community.

Ellen White played a major role in fundraising and sat on the committee that selected the site—a pleasant country location. The location made it different from a typical hospital, as it was to be a “resting place for the overworked…and the sick.”Paradise Valley Sanitarium⁸

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

In 1905, a Doctor Whitelock discovered a country plot in Paradise, California. He told Ellen White about it. Would it make a good location for a health center?

She thought so! She and a woman named Josephine Gotzian decided to buy the property for that purpose.

But obstacle number one: a drought. Where would they get water? A well would have to be dug.

As the well-digger went deeper and deeper, he didn’t find water. But Ellen White assured him that God had led them to this property. He would provide.

And He did—below 80 feet!

The sanitarium remained privately owned until, in 1912, the Southern California Conference of Adventists took ownership.

In 1962, the Sanitarium became the Paradise Valley Hospital, which continued until it was sold in 2007 and closed in 2008.

Loma Linda Sanitarium⁹

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

In 1905, God showed Ellen White a property for a sanitarium in southern California.

When she first visited the Loma Linda Sanitarium property, she noted:

“Willie, I have been here before.”

“No, Mother. You have never been here,” he told her.

“Then this is the very place the Lord has shown me, for it is all familiar.”¹⁰

She pressed the Southern California Conference of Adventists to purchase the 76-acre property.¹¹ Its fresh air and country environment was ideal for patients to be outdoors and tend gardens.

Both a health center and nursing school were opened on the property. It later expanded to include the College of Medical Evangelists for training physicians.

Today, it operates as Loma Linda University and Medical Center. And today there are many other Adventist institutions like this.

Ellen White also had either a direct connection to sanitariums opened all around the world or inspired their opening after her death. This includes several sanitariums all over the continent of Africa, including:

• Claremont Sanitarium
• Malamulo Hospital

Claremont Sanitarium

In the late 1800s, an article in the Review and Herald mentioned that the mild climate of the Cape Peninsula makes it an excellent place for ill people to recover. Ellen White, around the same time, excitedly hoped that sanitariums would be in every country of the world. She wrote to a missionary in Africa in 1892:

“I feel an interest for the mission in Africa, and every mission field in the world”¹²

Soon after, in 1897, the sanitarium was officially opened in Cape Town, South Africa. Just days after its opening, every room was filled.

Unfortunately, the sanitarium’s existence was short-lived. In 1902, following the economic depression after the South African War, the sanitarium was sold to a hotelier. Just 3 years later, in 1905, the entire building burnt to the ground. No one knows how the fire started.

While sad, the sanitarium’s short existence would leave a legacy as the first sanitarium on the continent of Africa, which would inspire many others, including its South African successor, the Cape Sanitarium.¹³

Malamulo Hospital

Malamulo Hospital in Malawi officially opened as a clinic in 1915. It transformed into a Leprosarium (a place to treat those with leprosy) in 1925, and by 1953, it had become a hospital.¹⁴

Though there was no direct correspondence from Ellen White about this establishment, as she was nearing the end of her life, Malamulo Hospital is an excellent example of the model White set forth in Loma Linda: medical education and medical mission work.

Today, Malamulo Hospital is a surgical residency training site, and has trained over 100 African surgeons since 1997.¹⁵

What legacy did Ellen White leave for Adventist healthcare today?

Ellen White left behind a unique philosophy of health reform for Adventists to share with the world. Today, the Adventist health care system carries on this legacy of whole health—treating people as individuals with physical, mental, and spiritual needs. Through its healthcare ethics and practices, its staff aims to live out the healing ministry of Jesus.

The Adventist Church operates 198 hospitals worldwide, plus clinics. Ellen White’s legacy also encouraged Adventists to start private lifestyle centers and do medical missionary work in support of the Church’s mission.

These places are about more than providing basic medical care. Some of these lifestyle centers offer training programs so Adventists can become medical missionaries themselves and serve in their communities or in foreign mission locations.

Here’s a quick overview of Adventist hospitals, clinics, lifestyle centers, and training programs throughout the world.

Loma Linda University Medical Center

Courtesy of the Ellen G. White Estate, Inc.

Founded in 1905, Loma Linda University Medical Center is a renowned research center, university, and healthcare system. It has six hospitals, plus clinics, that employ 16,000 workers.

Adventist HealthCare

Adventist HealthCare is a system of five hospitals in Maryland’s Montgomery County. It grew from Washington Sanitarium in Takoma Park, Maryland, which was started back in 1907.

Adventist Health

Adventist Health is a network of 18 hospitals across the west coast and Hawaii. Based out of Roseville, California, it began in 1965 and has been acquiring hospitals since then.

One of its most well-known hospitals is the White Memorial Hospital in Los Angeles. It opened in 1913 as a clinic for medical students from the College of Medical Evangelists (present-day Loma Linda University) to work in.

Kettering Health

Kettering Health is a network of 13 hospitals in southwestern Ohio. Adventists started it in 1964 with the support of Eugene and Victoria Kettering.

Eugene’s father, Charles Kettering, was an inventor. In memory of him, Eugene and Victoria wanted to found a hospital with state-of-the-art technology. Though the Ketterings were not Seventh-day Adventists, they resonated with the Adventist philosophy of whole health and asked the Church to start and manage the hospital.¹⁶

AdventHealth

AdventHealth is a hospital network based out of Altamonte Springs, Florida. Begun in 1973, it spans 45 hospitals in nine different states.

AdventHealth is known for its CREATION Life program, which promotes Adventist health principles.

Kendu Adventist Hospital

Kendu Adventist Hospital in Kenya specializes in physical therapy, radiology, surgery, and also has a dental clinic and medical school. In 2020, it became the first Seventh-day Adventist laboratory in Africa to be accredited by the ISO: the International Organization for Standardization.¹⁷

Mugonero Hospital

Mugonero Hospital is a facility that operates in western Rwanda. It meets the needs of over 70,000 villagers and provides comprehensive medical services, including:

• Primary care
• General surgery
• Mother and child care
• Lab testing
• Malaria and tuberculosis prevention
• HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention
• Mental health

And many more.¹⁸

Ishaka Adventist Hospital

Ishaka Adventist Hospital is a 120-bed facility in Uganda. It opened in 1950, and today, it specializes in HIV/AIDS prevention, infectious disease, maternal and child health, and general surgery.¹⁹

Ishaka Adventist Hospital is also home to the Ishaka Adventist School of Allied Health Sciences and the Ishaka Adventist School of Nursing and Midwifery.²⁰

Other Hospitals and clinics worldwide

As a worldwide movement, the Adventist health system extends all over the world. Adventist hospitals, clinics, and medical missionaries can be found on every continent (except perhaps Antarctica).

Adventist Health International and Loma Linda have partnered together with Adventist hospitals throughout, Asia, and South and Central America. To see a full list of the hospitals worldwide, visit the Adventist Directory.

Adventist Mission also helps send doctors and nurses to work in smaller clinics and hospitals in more rural regions of the world. Other mission organizations, such as Adventist Frontier Missions, do the same. Whether a doctor in a hospital in Chad or a nurse at front-porch clinics in the jungles of the Philippines, each volunteer shines the love of Jesus through meeting the physical and spiritual needs of their patients.

Lifestyle centers

Photo by Anupam Mahapatra on Unsplash

Besides hospitals, Adventists have opened private lifestyle centers throughout the world. These centers support the mission of the Adventist Church and provide places for people to learn natural healing methods and simple lifestyle principles.

Rather than being massive institutions, they reflect the home-like sanitariums that Ellen White counseled Adventists to start.

Many of them also have short-term training programs to equip people as medical missionaries.

Here are just a few:

• NEWSTART Lifestyle Center in Weimar, California
• Wildwood Lifestyle Center in Wildwood, Georgia 
• Hartland Lifestyle Center in Rapidan, Virginia
• Black Hills Health and Education Center in Hermosa, South Dakota
• Aenon Health Care in Malaysia 
• Riverview Wellness Center in Zambia
• Life Hope Treatment Center in Kenya
• Eden Lifestyle Centre in South Africa
• Country Life in Austria

God’s principles are the foundation of Adventist healthcare

The Adventist health system began with Ellen White’s counsel to exemplify the healing ministry of Jesus.

That aim has not changed. The global Adventist Church continues to follow His example in meeting the needs of individuals and teaching them a healthy way of life.

And all that happened because God inspired the Church to be on the cutting edge of medical care.

To learn more about the Adventist philosophy of health and well-being, 

1. White, Ellen, Counsels on Health (Pacific Press, Mountain View, CA, 1923) p. 204. [↵]
2. Gomide, Jonathan, “Battle Creek Sanitarium,” Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists, Feb. 27, 2022. [↵]
3. White, Ellen, Testimonies for the Church, vol. 1 (Pacific Press, Mountain View, CA 1948), p. 492. [↵]
4. “St. Helena Sanitarium and Hospital,” Fortin and Moon, The Ellen G. White Encyclopedia. [↵]
5. Skryzpaszek, John, “Avondale Health Retreat, Australia (1899–1935),” Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists. Jan. 29, 2020. [↵]
6. White, A. L., Ellen G. White: The Australian Years: 1891–1900, vol. 4, (Review and Herald, Hagerstown, MD, 1983), p. 438. [↵]
7. See reference 6. [↵]
8. “Paradise Valley Sanitarium,” Fortin and Moon, The Ellen G. White Encyclopedia. [↵]
9. “Timeline of Our History,” Loma Linda University. [↵]
10. White, A. L., Ellen G. White: The Later Elmshaven Years: 1905–1915, vol. 6, (Review and Herald, Hagerstown, MD, 1982), p. 18. [↵]
11. Ibid., p. 20. [↵]
12. Testimonies to South Africa, p. 39.  [↵]
13. https://encyclopedia.adventist.org/article?id=4DDQ [↵]
14. https://ghi.llu.edu/partnerships/strategic-partner-sites/malamulo-adventist hospital#:~:text=The%20Malamulo%20Mission%20was%20founded,of%20Christian%20Surgeons%20(PAACS). [↵]
15. https://llusmaa.org/surgical-training-transforms-malamulo-adventist-hospital/ [↵]
16. Our Story | Kettering Health; Kettering Health | Seventh-day Adventist Church. [↵]
17. https://ghi.llu.edu/news/kenyas-kendu-adventist-hospital-first-sda-laboratory-africa-be-iso-certified [↵]
18. http://mugonero.org/services/ [↵]
19. https://ghi.llu.edu/partnerships/strategic-partner-sites/ishaka-adventist-hospital [↵]
20. https://iah.co.ug/about.html [↵]

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